BLOOMINGTON, Ind. – For nearly a decade, startups and small enterprises have turned to equity crowdfunding as a way to raise capital quickly and cost effectively. Equity crowdfunding is a form of crowdfunding that allows private companies to seek funding from amateur investors without the rigorous listing requirements of traditional public stock offerings.
Since the introduction of Regulation Crowdfunding in the United States, the popularity of equity crowdfunding for startup entrepreneurs and amateur investors has surged. Despite this growth, there remain questions about how funders make decisions on equity crowdfunding platforms and what role platforms should play when it comes to assurance services and financial statement requirements.
Many companies currently seeking capital through equity crowdfunding are early-stage ventures with limited or no historical financial track record. While potentially advantageous to both investors and small enterprises, equity crowdfunding investments, like all investments, have inherent risks.
A recent study published in Small Business Economics evaluates the role that financial statement audits and regulatory focus can have in equity crowdfunding decisions.
The paper is co-authored by Regan Stevenson, the Larry and Barbara Sharpf Professor at the Kelley School; Brad Lang, assistant professor of accountancy at Mississippi State University; and Jared Eutsler and Jesse Robertson, accounting professors at the University of North Texas. The researchers ran a between-person field experiment and discovered, as expected, when ventures provide audited financial statements on equity crowdfunding platforms, they are significantly more likely to be funded.
However, audits are costly for new ventures. Entrepreneurs therefore might want to consider when audits are most likely to provide value for investors and ventures. The research study described above explored such scenarios. The findings indicated that promotion-focused individuals were more likely to invest in equity crowdfunding opportunities overall.
However, the results also suggested that when equity crowdfunding campaigns featured audited financial statements, investors with prevention-focused dispositions were more likely to invest. This effect was amplified when prevention-focused investors viewed a pitch that emphasized the importance of being cautious and calculated in the business (a more prevention-focused pitch).
This was the first research paper to systematically explore the interaction between audits and investor dispositions in an equity crowdfunding setting. It demonstrates how assurance services and investor mindsets can jointly influence investor decisions.
“Given the high failure rate of early-stage small and medium-sized enterprises, it may be advantageous in some cases for equity crowdfunding ventures to undergo an audit to increase investor confidence in their offering, especially since equity crowdfunding investors often lack the expertise of accredited investors,” Stevenson said. “Equity crowdfunding investors might have difficulty identifying risk factors that suggest a venture will be unable to provide a return to investors.”
The authors further indicated that although equity crowdfunding is in its nascent stage, it is growing rapidly and has high potential to be an economic enabler for under-financed sectors and for entrepreneurship in general. As a result, there is a critical need for more research on equity crowdfunding for new ventures.